产品订购信息：
英文名称  Anti-PTEN/MMAC1(CT) 

中文名称   一种抑制基因抗体（C端）费用 

别    名  Bannayan Zonana; BZS a; ITGA 2; MGC11227; MHAM; MMAC 1; MMAC1; Multiple hamartoma (Cowden syndrome); Mutated in Mutiple Advanced Cancers 1; Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog; Phosphatidylinositol 345 trisphosphate 3 phosphatase and dual specificity protein phosphatase PTEN; Phosphatidylinositol 345 trisphosphate 3 phosphatase; Platelet antigen BR; PTEN 1; PTEN1; Tensin homolog; TEP 1; TEP1; VLA 2 Receptor Alpha Subunit.

浓    度   1mg/1ml

规 格  0.1ml/100μg 0.2ml/200μg

抗体来源   Rabbit

克隆类型   polyclonal

交叉反应   Human, Mouse, Rat, Chicken, Dog, Pig, Cow, Horse 

产品类型   一抗  

研究领域     细胞凋亡

蛋白分子量  predicted molecular weight: 44kDa

性    状   Lyophilized or Liquid

免 疫 原 KLH conjugated synthetic peptide derived from human PTEN 

亚    型   IgG

纯化方法   affinity purified by Protein A

储 存 液   0.01M PBS, pH 7.4 with 10 mg/ml BSA and 0.1% Sodium azide

一种抑制基因抗体（C端）费用 产品应用    WB=1:100-500 ELISA=1:500-1000 IP=1:20-100 IHC-P=1:100-500 IHC-F=1:100-500 IF=1:100-500

（石蜡切片需做抗原修复） 

 not yet tested in other applications.

 optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.  

保存条件  Store at -20 °C for one year. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles. The lyophilized antibody is stable at room temperature for at least one month and for greater than a year when kept at -20°C. When reconstituted in sterile pH 7.4 0.01M PBS or diluent of antibody the antibody is stable for at least two weeks at 2-4 °C. 

Important Note  This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications. 

产品介绍 Potential tumor suppressor. Acts as a phosphoinositide3-phosphatase by regulating PtdIns (3,4,5)P3 levels. Involved in regulation of the AKT1 signaling pathway. The unphosphorylated form cooperates with AIP1 to suppress AKT1 activation.The PTEN/MMAC1 discovers the first to have the suppress of the phosphoric acid enzyme activity cancer gene currently.The gene of PTEN locates the chromosome10q23 area, sending forth sex tumor and a few households cancers with the variety to suffer from the comprehensive disease easilyrelevant.The activity that passes to repress the Akt regulates the cell period, the cell ground rule decease and glues to connect.This text discussed PTEN structure, function and its correlationses, the PTEN is in tumor repress function mechanism.

Function : Tumor suppressor. Acts as a dual-specificity protein phosphatase, dephosphorylating tyrosine-, serine- and threonine-phosphorylated proteins. Also acts as a lipid phosphatase, removing the phosphate in the D3 position of the inositol ring from phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate, phosphatidylinositol 3,4-diphosphate, phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate and inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate with order of substrate preference in vitro PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 > PtdIns(3,4)P2 > PtdIns3P > Ins(1,3,4,5)P4. The lipid phosphatase activity is critical for its tumor suppressor function. Antagonizes the PI3K-AKT/PKB signaling pathway by dephosphorylating phosphoinositides and thereby modulating cell cycle progression and cell survival. The unphosphorylated form cooperates with AIP1 to suppress AKT1 activation. Dephosphorylates tyrosine-phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase and inhibits cell migration and integrin-mediated cell spreading and focal adhesion formation. Plays a role as a key modulator of the AKT-mTOR signaling pathway controlling the tempo of the process of newborn neurons integration during adult neurogenesis, including correct neuron positioning, dendritic development and synapse formation. May be a negative regulator of insulin signaling and glucose metabolism in adipose tissue. The nuclear monoubiquitinated form possesses greater apoptotic potential, whereas the cytoplasmic nonubiquitinated form induces less tumor suppressive ability.

Subunit : Monomer. The unphosphorylated form interacts with the second PDZ domain of AIP1 and with DLG1 and MAST2 in vitro. Interacts with MAGI2, MAGI3, MAST1 and MAST3, but neither with MAST4 nor with DLG5. Interaction with MAGI2 increases protein stability. Interacts with NEDD4. Interacts with NDFIP1 and NDFIP2; in the presence of NEDD4 or ITCH, this interaction promotes PTEN ubiquitination. Interacts (via C2 domain) with FRK. Interacts with USP7; the interaction is direct. Interacts with ROCK1. Interacts with XIAP/BIRC4.

Subcellular Location : Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Nucleus, PML body. Note=Monoubiquitinated form is nuclear. Nonubiquitinated form is cytoplasmic. Colocalized with PML and USP7 in PML nuclear bodies. XIAP/BIRC4 promotes its nuclear localization.

Post-translational modifications : Constitutively phosphorylated by CK2 under normal conditions. Phosphorylated in vitro by MAST1, MAST2 and MAST3. Phosphorylation results in an inhibited activity towards PIP3. Phosphorylation can both inhibit or promote PDZ-binding. Phosphorylation at Tyr-336 by FRK/PTK5 protects this protein from ubiquitin-mediated degradation probably by inhibiting its binding to NEDD4. Phosphorylation by ROCK1 is essential for its stability and activity. Phosphorylation by PLK3 promotes its stability and prevents its degradation by the proteasome.

Monoubiquitinated; monoubiquitination is increased in presence of retinoic acid. Deubiquitinated by USP7; leading to its nuclear exclusion. Monoubiquitination of one of either Lys-13 and Lys-289 amino acid is sufficient to modulate PTEN compartmentalization. Ubiquitinated by XIAP/BIRC4.

DISEASE : Defects in PTEN are a cause of Cowden disease (CD) [MIM:158350]; also known as Cowden syndrome (CS). CD is an autosomal dominant cancer predisposition syndrome associated with elevated risk for tumors of the breast, thyroid and skin. The predominant phenotype for CD is multiple hamartoma syndrome, in many organ systems including the breast (70% of CD patients), thyroid (40-60%), skin, CNS (40%), gastrointestinal tract. Affected individuals are at an increased risk of both breast and thyroid cancers. Trichilemmomas (benign tumors of the hair follicle infundibulum), and mucocutaneous papillomatosis (99%) are hallmarks of CD.

Defects in PTEN are the cause of Lhermitte-Duclos disease (LDD) [MIM:158350]; also known as cerebelloparenchymal disorder VI. LDD is characterized by dysplastic gangliocytoma of the cerebellum which often results in cerebellar signs and seizures. LDD and CD seem to be the same entity, and are considered as hamartoma-neoplasia syndromes.

Defects in PTEN are a cause of Bannayan-Zonana syndrome (BZS) [MIM:153480]; also known as Ruvalcaba-Myhre-Smith syndrome (RMSS) or Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome (BRRS). In BZS there seems not to be an increased risk of malignancy. It has a partial clinical overlap with CD. BZS is characterized by the classic triad of macrocephaly, lipomatosis and pigmented macules of the gland penis.

Defects in PTEN are a cause of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) [MIM:275355]; also known as squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.

Defects in PTEN are a cause of susceptibility to endometrial cancer (ENDMC) [MIM:608089].

Note=PTEN mutations are found in a subset of patients with Proteus syndrome, a genetically heterogeneous condition. The molecular diagnosis of PTEN mutation positive cases classifies Proteus syndrome patients as part of the PTEN hamartoma syndrome spectrum. As such, patients surviving the early years of Proteus syndrome are likely at a greater risk of developing malignancies.

Defects in PTEN are a cause of susceptibility to glioma type 2 (GLM2) [MIM:613028]. Gliomas are central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells and comprise astrocytomas, glioblastoma multiforme, oligodendrogliomas, and ependymomas.

[DISEASE] Defects in PTEN are a cause of VACTERL association with hydrocephalus (VACTERL-H) [MIM:276950]. VACTERL is an acronym for vertebral anomalies, anal atresia, congenital cardiac disease, tracheoesophageal fistula, renal anomalies, radial dysplasia, and other limb defects.

Defects in PTEN may be a cause of susceptibility to prostate cancer (PC) [MIM:176807]. It is a malignancy originating in tissues of the prostate. Most prostate cancers are adenocarcinomas that develop in the acini of the prostatic ducts. Other rare histopathologic types of prostate cancer that occur in approximately 5% of patients include small cell carcinoma, mucinous carcinoma, prostatic ductal carcinoma, transitional cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma (basaloid), signet-ring cell carcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma.

Defects in PTEN are a cause of macrocephaly/autism syndrome (MCEPHAS) [MIM:605309]. Patients have autism spectrum disorders and macrocephaly, with head circumferences ranging from +2.5 to +8 SD for age and sex (average head circumference +4.0 SD).

Note=A microdeletion of chromosome 10q23 involving BMPR1A and PTEN is a cause of chromosome 10q23 deletion syndrome, which shows overlapping features of the following three disorders: Bannayan-Zonana syndrome, Cowden disease and juvenile polyposis syndrome.

Similarity : Contains 1 C2 tensin-type domain.

Contains 1 phosphatase tensin-type domain.

Database links : UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: P60484.1

PTEN是一种抑制基因（C端抗体），在维持细胞的增殖、分化和凋亡平衡起重要作用，该基因在许多常表现为突变或杂合性丢失，NMAC1主要用于、乳腺、、非何杰金氏各种的研究.

Anti-CD57/FITC 荧光素标记抗CD57抗体IgGMulti-class antibodies规格： 0.2ml

Anti-IFI16/p16 /FITC 荧光素标记γ干扰素诱导蛋白16抗体IgGMulti-class antibodies规格： 0.2ml

Rhesus antibody Rh CD54/ICAM-1 细胞间粘附分子-1抗体 规格 0.1ml

OXR (Orexin receptor) 食欲素受体(多肽) 0.5mg

IFNW1 英文名称： 干扰素omega 1蛋白抗体 0.2ml

Rhesus antibody Rh T4/L-Thyroxine 甲状腺素T4抗体 规格 0.2ml

Anti-IFI16/p16 /FITC 荧光素标记γ干扰素诱导蛋白16抗体IgGMulti-class antibodies规格： 0.2ml

Human soluble fibrin monomer complex,SFMC ELISA Kit 人可溶性血纤蛋白单体复合物Multi-class antibodies规格： 48T

Anti-Phospho-Ret (Tyr905) 磷酸化指状蛋白RET抗体Multi-class antibodies规格： 0.1ml

Rhesus antibody Rh H1N1 Hemagglutinin 1/HA probe 甲型病毒血凝素抗体 规格 0.2ml

HP-CagA-IgG(Human Helicobacter pylori cytotoxin-associated gene A protein IgG) ELISA Kit 人幽门螺杆菌细胞毒素相关基因蛋白A-IgG 96T

OTX1 + OTX2 英文名称： 转录因子OTX1+OTX2抗体 0.2ml

BCAS1 英文名称： 癌相关蛋白1抗体 0.1ml

Anti-Phospho-Ret (Tyr905) 磷酸化指状蛋白RET抗体Multi-class antibodies规格： 0.1ml

u-T4 ELISA Kit 大鼠高敏甲状腺素Multi-class antibodies规格： 48T

Anti-ULBP3/N2DL3 UL16结合蛋白3抗体Multi-class antibodies规格： 0.2ml

Rhesus antibody Rh GCET1 B淋巴细胞中心相关蛋白抗体 规格 0.2ml

CXCL16 ELISA Kit 大鼠CXC趋化因子配体16 96T

phospho-NFATc2(Ser330) 英文名称： 磷酸化核因子活化T细胞胞浆蛋白2抗体 0.1ml

ADCY10 英文名称： 腺苷酸环化酶10抗体 0.2ml

Anti-ULBP3/N2DL3 UL16结合蛋白3抗体Multi-class antibodies规格： 0.2ml

CL-0042BxPC-3(人原位*腺癌细胞)5×106cells/瓶×2

IgG Others Human 人 IgG1 Fc CHO细胞裂解液 (阳性对照)

抗霉菌溶液ABAMS

大额牛肺细胞;BFR-L1 中国仓鼠卵巢细胞，CHO细胞 Lncap(细胞)

EB病毒转化的人B淋巴细胞;KM933

SERPINE1 Others Human 人 PAI-1 / SerpinE1 人细胞裂解液 (阳性对照)

CL-0040BT-474(人导管癌细胞)5×106cells/瓶×2

DPP4 Others Cynomolgus 食蟹猴 DPP4 / DPPIV / CD26 人细胞裂解液 (阳性对照)

青霉素/链霉素溶液P/S

Hep 3B2.1-7[Hep 3B;Hep-3B;Hep3B]细胞，人细胞 人胚肾细胞(亚系克隆),FIP293细胞 胎儿细胞Many types of cells包装：5 × 105次方(1ml)

大耳山羊皮肤细胞;LDG-3

SERPIND1 Others Human 人 SerpinD1 人细胞裂解液 (阳性对照)

一种抑制基因抗体（C端）费用 IGFBP7 Others Human 人 IGFBP7 / IBP-7 人细胞裂解液 (阳性对照)

绿色荧光蛋白标记小鼠前细胞;MFC-GFP

MA-891 小鼠癌高转移细胞

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VSTM1 Protein Human 重组人 VSTM1 蛋白 (Fc 标签)

人胚胎眼Tenon's囊成纤维细胞;HFTF 人肺大动脉平滑肌细胞完全培养基 100mL

抗体的生物素化标记实验要点：

1. 一种抑制基因抗体（C端）费用 如在反应混合液中有叠氮钠或游离氨基存在,会抑制标记反应。因此,蛋白质在反应前要对 0.1mol/L碳酸氢钠缓冲液或0.5mol/L硼酸缓冲液充分透析；

2.所用的NHSB及待生物素化蛋白质之间的分子比按蛋白质表面的ε-氨基的密度会有所不同,选择不当则影响标记的效率,应先用几个不同的分子比来筛选最适条件；

3.用NHSB量过量也是不利的,抗原的结合位点可能因此被封闭,导致抗体失活；

4.由于抗体的氨基不易接近可能造成生物素化不足,此时可加入去污剂如 Triton x-100, Tween20等；

5.当游离ε-氨基(赖氨酸残基的氨基)存在于抗体的抗原结合位点时,或位于酶的催化位点时,生物素化会降低或损伤抗体蛋白的结合力或活性；

6.生物素还可能与不同的功能基团,如羰基、氨基、巯基、异咪唑基及*基,也可与糖基共价结合；

7.交联反应后,应充分透析,否则,残余的生物素会对生物素化抗体与亲和素的结合产生竞争作用；

8.在细胞的荧光标记实验中,中和亲和素的本底低,但由于链霉亲和素含有少量正电荷,故对某些细胞可导致高本底。

抗体的鉴定：

1）一种抑制基因抗体（C端）费用 抗体的效价鉴定：不管是用于诊断还是用于,制备抗体的目的都是要求较高效价。不同的抗原制备的抗体,要求的效价不一。鉴定效价的方法很多,包括有试管凝集反应,琼脂扩散试验,酶联免疫吸附试验等。常用的抗原所制备的抗体一般都有约成的鉴定效价的方法,以资比较。如制备抗抗体的效价,一般就采用琼脂扩散试验来鉴定。

2）抗体的特异性鉴定：抗体的特异性是指与相应抗原或近似抗原物质的识别能力。抗体的特异性高,它的识别能力就强。衡量特异性通常以交叉反应率来表示。交叉反应率可用竞争抑制试验测定。以不同浓度抗原和近似抗原分别做竞争抑制曲线,计算各自的结合率,求出各自在IC50时的浓度,并按公式计算交叉反应率。 

如果所用抗原浓度IC50浓度为pg/管,而一些近似抗原物质的IC50浓度几乎是无穷大时,表示这一抗血清与其他抗原物质的交叉反应率近似为0,即该血清的特异性较好。

3）抗体亲和力：是指抗体和抗原结合的牢固程度。亲和力的高低是由抗原分子的大小,抗体分子的结合位点与抗原决定簇之间立体构型的合适度决定的。有助于维持抗原抗体复合物稳定的分子间力有氢键,疏水键,侧链相反电荷基因的库仑力,范德华力和空间斥力。亲和力常以亲和常数K表示,K的单位是L/mol。抗体亲和力的测定对抗体的筛选,确定抗体的用途,验证抗体的均一性等均有重要意义。